How to Read a Crochet Pattern Without Panicking
Abbreviations, gauge, and repeats explained the way we wish someone had explained them to us.
Crochet patterns look like a foreign language the first time you open one: rows of abbreviations, asterisks, and numbers in brackets. Once you know what the shorthand means, though, a pattern is just a recipe — a repeated set of steps written as compactly as possible.
Common abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Means |
|---|---|
| ch | Chain |
| sc | Single crochet |
| dc | Double crochet |
| hdc | Half double crochet |
| sl st | Slip stitch |
| st(s) | Stitch(es) |
| rep | Repeat |
| sk | Skip |
| inc / dec | Increase / decrease |
What gauge actually means
Gauge tells you how many stitches and rows fit into a set square, usually 10cm/4in, when using the hook and yarn the pattern recommends. It exists because everyone's tension is slightly different — two people using the same hook and yarn can produce noticeably different-sized results.
For anything where exact size matters (garments, amigurumi with fitted parts), crochet a small gauge swatch first. For anything forgiving (scarves, blankets), you can usually skip it.
Reading repeats: asterisks and brackets
When you see something like:
*sc in next st, ch 1, skip 1 st; rep from * to end
Everything between the asterisks is one repeating unit. You work it over and over until you reach the end of the row, rather than the pattern spelling out the same instruction fifteen times.
Brackets work the same way but usually with a stated repeat count, like [dc, ch 1] x4 — do the bracketed steps exactly four times.
Reading a stitch count
Most rows end with a number in parentheses, like (12 sts). This tells you how many stitches you should have after finishing the row. Checking this every row — not just at the end of a project — is the fastest way to catch a missed stitch before it compounds.
The Complete Crochet Stitch Dictionary
200+ stitches with charts — handy once you've got the abbreviations down.
Frequently asked questions
What does gauge mean in a crochet pattern?
Gauge tells you how many stitches and rows should fit into a set measurement, usually 10cm or 4 inches, when using the recommended hook and yarn. Matching it ensures your finished piece comes out the size the pattern intends.
What do the asterisks and brackets in a pattern mean?
Asterisks and brackets mark a section that repeats. Everything between the marks is worked as many times as stated, so you don't have to read the same instruction written out over and over.
Why doesn't my stitch count match the pattern?
The most common cause is a missed or extra stitch at the start or end of a row. Count your stitches at the end of every row while you're learning, rather than waiting until the end of the project to check.
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